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Types of Fish: A Comprehensive Guide
Exploring the Diversity of Fish Species
Fish represent one of the most diverse groups of vertebrates, with over 34,000 described species inhabiting aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Taxonomically, they are divided into three main classes: Agnatha (jawless fish), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish), and Osteichthyes (bony fish).
The Agnatha, comprising approximately 100 living species such as lampreys and hagfish, represent the most primitive living fish. Chondrichthyes, with about 1,000 species including sharks, rays, and chimaeras, are characterized by their cartilaginous skeleton.
Osteichthyes dominate modern aquatic environments, representing 95% of known species. Their size ranges from the tiny Paedocypris progenetica (8mm) to the giant ocean sunfish (4.2 meters, 2,300 kg). Ray-finned fish make up 96% of current species, living in environments from ocean trenches (-8,000m) to high-altitude lakes (+4,500m).
The Agnatha, comprising approximately 100 living species such as lampreys and hagfish, represent the most primitive living fish. Chondrichthyes, with about 1,000 species including sharks, rays, and chimaeras, are characterized by their cartilaginous skeleton.
Osteichthyes dominate modern aquatic environments, representing 95% of known species. Their size ranges from the tiny Paedocypris progenetica (8mm) to the giant ocean sunfish (4.2 meters, 2,300 kg). Ray-finned fish make up 96% of current species, living in environments from ocean trenches (-8,000m) to high-altitude lakes (+4,500m).
This article was written by EB React on 14/11/2024
Fish Classification
Fish classification represents one of the most complex taxonomic challenges in vertebrate zoology, encompassing over 34,000 known species. The traditional classification system divides fish into three major superclasses: Agnatha (jawless fish, ~100 species), Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish, ~1,200 species), and Osteichthyes (bony fish, ~33,000 species).
Modern taxonomic approaches incorporate both morphological features and molecular data. Key characteristics used in classification include skeletal composition, fin structure, scale types, and respiratory systems. For instance, ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) comprise 96% of all living fish species.
Recent genomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of fish phylogeny. DNA sequencing has revealed that certain fish groups, previously thought to be closely related, actually diverged over 400 million years ago. The coelacanth, discovered in 1938, exemplifies this phenomenon, demonstrating characteristics that bridge the gap between fish and tetrapods, having diverged approximately 390 million years ago.
Modern taxonomic approaches incorporate both morphological features and molecular data. Key characteristics used in classification include skeletal composition, fin structure, scale types, and respiratory systems. For instance, ray-finned fish (Actinopterygii) comprise 96% of all living fish species.
Recent genomic studies have revolutionized our understanding of fish phylogeny. DNA sequencing has revealed that certain fish groups, previously thought to be closely related, actually diverged over 400 million years ago. The coelacanth, discovered in 1938, exemplifies this phenomenon, demonstrating characteristics that bridge the gap between fish and tetrapods, having diverged approximately 390 million years ago.
Saltwater Fish
Albacore Tuna (Thunnus alalunga)
Anchovy (Engraulidae)
Angelfish (Pomacanthidae)
Barracuda (Sphyraena spp.)
Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Billfish (Istiophorus platypterus)
Black Grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci)
Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata)
Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)
Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
Bonefish (Albula vulpes)
Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
Butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae)
Clams (Bivalvia)
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
Cod (Gadidae)
Coral (Cnidaria)
Coral Reef Fish (Various)
Crab (Cancer magister)
Clownfish (Amphiprioninae)
Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister)
Eagle Ray (Myliobatidae)
Eel (Anguilliformes)
Filefish (Monacanthidae)
Flatfish (Pleuronectidae)
Flounder (Pleuronectidae)
Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
Grouper (Epinephelidae)
Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Halibut (Hippoglossus spp.)
Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna spp.)
Herring (Clupea harengus)
Hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus)
Jack Crevalle (Caranx hippos)
Jellyfish (Scyphozoa)
Kingfish (Scomberomorus cavalla)
Lobster (Homarus americanus)
Lungfish (Various)
Mackerel (Scombridae)
Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)
Mangrove Snapper (Lutjanus griseus)
Manta Ray (Manta birostris)
Anchovy (Engraulidae)
Angelfish (Pomacanthidae)
Barracuda (Sphyraena spp.)
Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Billfish (Istiophorus platypterus)
Black Grouper (Mycteroperca bonaci)
Black Sea Bass (Centropristis striata)
Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)
Bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix)
Bluefin Tuna (Thunnus thynnus)
Bonefish (Albula vulpes)
Bull Shark (Carcharhinus leucas)
Butterflyfish (Chaetodontidae)
Clams (Bivalvia)
Cobia (Rachycentron canadum)
Cod (Gadidae)
Coral (Cnidaria)
Coral Reef Fish (Various)
Crab (Cancer magister)
Clownfish (Amphiprioninae)
Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister)
Eagle Ray (Myliobatidae)
Eel (Anguilliformes)
Filefish (Monacanthidae)
Flatfish (Pleuronectidae)
Flounder (Pleuronectidae)
Goliath Grouper (Epinephelus itajara)
Grouper (Epinephelidae)
Haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus)
Halibut (Hippoglossus spp.)
Hammerhead Shark (Sphyrna spp.)
Herring (Clupea harengus)
Hogfish (Lachnolaimus maximus)
Jack Crevalle (Caranx hippos)
Jellyfish (Scyphozoa)
Kingfish (Scomberomorus cavalla)
Lobster (Homarus americanus)
Lungfish (Various)
Mackerel (Scombridae)
Mahi-Mahi (Coryphaena hippurus)
Mangrove Snapper (Lutjanus griseus)
Manta Ray (Manta birostris)
Marlin (Makaira spp.)
Moray eels (Various)
Octopus (Octopoda)
Oysters (Ostreidae)
Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Parrotfish (Scaridae)
Permit (Trachinotus falcatus)
Pike (Esox lucius)
Pollock (Pollachius virens)
Pompano (Trachinotus spp.)
Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Red Grouper (Epinephelus morio)
Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
Redfish (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Requin (Various)
Salmon (Salmonidae)
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Sea Bream (Sparidae)
Sea Star (Asteroidea)
Sea Turtle (Cheloniidae)
Sea Urchin (Echinodermata)
Seaweed (Algae)
Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus)
Shrimp (Decapoda)
Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Snapper (Lutjanidae)
Snook (Centropomus undecimalis)
Sole (Soleidae)
Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)
Stingray (Dasyatidae)
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus)
Tang (Acanthuridae)
Triggerfish (Balistidae)
Tuna (Thunnus spp.)
Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri)
Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)
Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis)
Wrasse (Labridae)
Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Yellowtail Snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)
Moray eels (Various)
Octopus (Octopoda)
Oysters (Ostreidae)
Pacific Halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis)
Parrotfish (Scaridae)
Permit (Trachinotus falcatus)
Pike (Esox lucius)
Pollock (Pollachius virens)
Pompano (Trachinotus spp.)
Red Drum (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Red Grouper (Epinephelus morio)
Red Snapper (Lutjanus campechanus)
Redfish (Sciaenops ocellatus)
Requin (Various)
Salmon (Salmonidae)
Sardine (Sardina pilchardus)
Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
Sea Bream (Sparidae)
Sea Star (Asteroidea)
Sea Turtle (Cheloniidae)
Sea Urchin (Echinodermata)
Seaweed (Algae)
Sheepshead (Archosargus probatocephalus)
Shrimp (Decapoda)
Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Snapper (Lutjanidae)
Snook (Centropomus undecimalis)
Sole (Soleidae)
Spanish Mackerel (Scomberomorus maculatus)
Stingray (Dasyatidae)
Striped Bass (Morone saxatilis)
Swordfish (Xiphias gladius)
Tarpon (Megalops atlanticus)
Tang (Acanthuridae)
Triggerfish (Balistidae)
Tuna (Thunnus spp.)
Wahoo (Acanthocybium solandri)
Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus)
Weakfish (Cynoscion regalis)
Wrasse (Labridae)
Yellowfin Tuna (Thunnus albacares)
Yellowtail Snapper (Ocyurus chrysurus)
INFORMATION
EB React / Editor
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EB React / Editor
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